Normalisasi Risiko dan Kepatuhan Situasional: Kesadaran Hukum Pengendara Sepeda Motor di Kalangan Mahasiswa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55681/seikat.v5i5.4225Keywords:
kesadaran hukum, kepatuhan situasional, keselamatan berkendara, mahasiswa, normalisasi risikoAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji mengapa mahasiswa pengendara sepeda motor tetap merokok saat berkendara meskipun mengetahui norma keselamatan dan risiko perilaku tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal empiris dengan orientasi kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap 25 informan, observasi langsung, analisis dokumen, serta kuesioner pendukung terhadap 62 mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesenjangan antara pengetahuan dan perilaku: Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner terhadap 62 responden, sebanyak 57 responden (91,9%) mengetahui adanya aturan yang melarang aktivitas yang dapat mengganggu konsentrasi saat berkendara, dan 60 responden (96,8%) memahami bahwa merokok saat berkendara termasuk aktivitas yang dapat mengganggu konsentrasi. Selain itu, 59 responden (95,2%) menyatakan bahwa merokok saat berkendara dapat mengganggu konsentrasi pengendara. Namun, di tengah tingginya pengetahuan tersebut, sebanyak 22 responden (35,5%) mengaku pernah merokok saat berkendara.Temuan kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa keterpaparan berulang, lingkungan sebaya, rasionalisasi sehari-hari, dan respons sosial yang permisif membuat risiko yang telah diketahui menjadi semakin biasa dan dapat ditoleransi. Pada saat yang sama, kepatuhan menguat ketika pengawasan, teguran, atau konsekuensi menjadi nyata, tetapi dapat melemah ketika kontrol eksternal berkurang. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pola tersebut sebagai kepatuhan situasional, yang menunjukkan belum sempurnanya internalisasi norma, bukan ketiadaan pengetahuan hukum. Normalisasi risiko dan kepatuhan situasional bekerja secara rekursif: normalisasi mengurangi daya mengikat praktis norma keselamatan ketika kontrol eksternal lemah, sedangkan penegakan yang tidak konsisten cenderung menghasilkan kepatuhan sesaat tanpa memutus kondisi sosial yang mereproduksi perilaku berisiko. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa penguatan keselamatan berkendara memerlukan respons institusional yang konsisten dan lingkungan sosial yang mampu mencegah normalisasi perilaku berisiko.
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