Tarcza Wschód Programme: Penguatan Modernisasi Strategi Pertahanan Polandia Di Suwałki Land Corridor Tahun 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55681/seikat.v5i3.2655Keywords:
Shield East, Corridor Slides, conventional deterrence, modernisasi pertahanan Polandia, NATOAbstract
Pembubaran Pakta Warsawa pada 1991 membuka ruang kebijakan pertahanan bagi Polandia, yang kemudian memilih bergabung dengan NATO pada 1999 sebagai jaminan keamanan kolektif. Namun, aneksasi Krimea, pengerahan rudal Iskander-M di Kaliningrad, serta perubahan posisi geopolitik Belarus pasca-2020 telah menciptakan tekanan militer dua arah yang mengancam Koridor Suwałki sebagai jalur darat strategis penghubung Polandia-Lithuania sekaligus satu-satunya akses darat NATO menuju negara-negara Baltik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mengapa Polandia melakukan penguatan modernisasi strategi pertahanan melalui Program Tarcza Wschód (Eastern Shield) di Koridor Suwałki pada tahun 2024. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis dokumen serta kerangka conventional deterrence Mearsheimer, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Homeland Defence Act lebih berfokus pada deterrence by punishment (peningkatan kekuatan tempur) namun meninggalkan kesenjangan infrastruktur pertahanan fisik. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Polandia menggabungkan kedua mekanisme pencegahan punishment dan denial guna meyakinkan Rusia bahwa agresi terhadap Koridor Suwałki tidak akan menghasilkan kemenangan cepat dengan biaya yang masih dapat ditoleransi, sekaligus melengkapi keterbatasan komitmen kolektif NATO.
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