Issues in the Application of the Principle of Diligence in Policies on the Designation of Abandoned Land in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55681/seikat.v5i3.2075Keywords:
Prinsip Uji Tuntas, Tanah Terlantar, AUPB, Perlindungan Hukum, Hukum AdministrasiAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan dalam menerapkan prinsip uji tuntas dalam kebijakan terkait penetapan lahan terlantar di Indonesia dan untuk mengkaji bentuk-bentuk perlindungan hukum yang tersedia bagi pemegang hak atas tanah yang dirugikan akibat penetapan tersebut. Urgensi penelitian ini muncul dari tingginya jumlah keputusan penetapan lahan terlantar yang telah dibatalkan oleh Mahkamah Tata Kelola Pemerintahan Negara (PTUN), yang menunjukkan adanya cacat administratif, khususnya terkait pengabaian prinsip uji tuntas sebagai bagian dari Prinsip-Prinsip Tata Kelola Pemerintahan yang Baik (AUPB). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan hukum, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual. Materi hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari sumber primer, sekunder, dan tersier, yang dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui teknik interpretasi hukum. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip uji tuntas dalam penetapan lahan terlantar belum diterapkan secara optimal. Hal ini disebabkan oleh tiga faktor utama: (1) faktor hukum substantif, yaitu tidak adanya ketentuan hukum yang jelas mengenai prinsip uji tuntas dalam peraturan pertanahan, khususnya dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 20 Tahun 2021; (2) faktor hukum struktural, yaitu lemahnya kapasitas dan profesionalisme pejabat administrasi pertanahan dalam melakukan verifikasi data yang komprehensif; dan (3) faktor budaya hukum, yaitu rendahnya kesadaran hukum di kalangan pejabat dan masyarakat mengenai pentingnya prinsip uji tuntas. Bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak atas tanah yang tanahnya telah ditetapkan sebagai tanah terlantar meliputi tiga mekanisme utama: tahap evaluasi, tahap peringatan, dan mekanisme peninjauan yudisial melalui litigasi di Mahkamah Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN). Dari ketiga mekanisme tersebut, peninjauan yudisial merupakan bentuk perlindungan yang paling efektif karena dapat mengoreksi dan membatalkan keputusan administratif yang mengandung cacat hukum, sekaligus memulihkan hak-hak pemilik tanah.
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