Etnisitas sebagai Politik Penguasaan Sumber Daya: Perspektif Teori Elit dalam Ekonomi-Politik Pedesaan Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55681/armada.v4i6.2286Keywords:
Ekonomi-Politik Pedesaan, Etnisitas, Patronase, Penguasaan Sumber Daya, Teori ElitAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis relasi antara etnisitas, patronase, dan penguasaan sumber daya dalam struktur sosial pedesaan Indonesia melalui perspektif Teori Elit. Kajian ini berangkat dari pandangan bahwa etnisitas dalam pedesaan pascareformasi tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai identitas kultural, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen politik yang dimobilisasi elit lokal untuk mempertahankan dominasi ekonomi dan kekuasaan. Desentralisasi dan otonomi daerah membuka ruang bagi konsolidasi oligarki lokal melalui patronase berbasis etnis, kekerabatan, dan klientelisme. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis esai kritis dengan analisis ekonomi politik. Data diperoleh melalui kajian literatur terhadap artikel ilmiah, buku akademik, dan dokumen kebijakan yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kritis menggunakan qualitative content analysis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa elit lokal memanfaatkan simbol etnis, narasi putra daerah, dan legitimasi adat sebagai mekanisme social closure untuk memonopoli akses terhadap tanah, Dana Desa, sumber daya agraria, dan proyek pembangunan. Artikel ini menegaskan pentingnya reforma agraria, transparansi tata kelola desa, partisipasi warga, dan pembangunan berbasis keadilan sosial untuk membatasi reproduksi kekuasaan elit di pedesaan.
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