Rekonstruksi Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture dalam Pemberantasan Korupsi: Model Hybrid dalam RUU Perampasan Aset Berbasis Due Process of Law

Indah Safitri; Fero Sanjaya; Herlita Eryke

doi:10.55681/seikat.v5i5.4111

Authors

Indah Safitri Program Studi Magister Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Bengkulu
Fero Sanjaya Program Studi Magister Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Bengkulu
Herlita Eryke Program Studi Magister Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Bengkulu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55681/seikat.v5i5.4111

Keywords:

Perampasan aset, Tindak pidana korupsi, Non-conviction based asset forfeiture, Due process of law, model hybrid.

Abstract

Pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi tidak cukup berorientasi pada pemidanaan pelaku, tetapi juga harus memastikan pemulihan aset hasil kejahatan. Dominasi conviction-based forfeiture (CBF) dalam sistem hukum Indonesia menimbulkan keterbatasan ketika proses pidana tidak dapat diselesaikan akibat kematian pelaku, pelarian, hambatan yurisdiksi, atau kondisi objektif lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterbatasan CBF, menilai posisi non-conviction based asset forfeiture (NCBAF) dalam arah pembentukan RUU Perampasan Aset 2026, serta merekonstruksi model perampasan aset yang selaras dengan prinsip due process of law. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, perbandingan, dan reformasi hukum. Bahan hukum dianalisis secara kualitatif-preskriptif melalui interpretasi sistematis, konseptual, dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model hybrid CBF dan NCB belum memadai apabila keduanya ditempatkan sebagai jalur paralel yang dapat dipilih secara bebas oleh aparat penegak hukum. Konstruksi semacam ini berpotensi memperluas diskresi dan melemahkan perlindungan hak milik. Penelitian ini menawarkan Due Process-Based Sequential Hybrid Asset Forfeiture Model yang menempatkan CBF sebagai primary route dan NCB sebagai exceptional complementary route. Model tersebut dibangun melalui statutory activation gateways, prima facie evidentiary threshold, two-stage evidentiary model, judicial oversight, periodic judicial review, perlindungan pihak ketiga beritikad baik, remediasi atas perampasan yang tidak sah, serta pemisahan fungsi kelembagaan. Model ini menawarkan desain perampasan aset yang lebih efektif, terukur, dan akuntabel tanpa mengurangi jaminan konstitusional atas proses hukum yang adil.

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