Model Penyelesaian Sengketa Non-Litigasi dalam Penguatan Economic Security ASEAN: Rekonstruksi Alternative Dispute Resolution melalui Pendekatan Cooperative Security
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55681/seikat.v5i4.3664Keywords:
Alternative Dispute Resolution, Economic Security, ASEAN, Cooperative Security, Preventive Dispute Management.Abstract
Integrasi ekonomi ASEAN, peningkatan interdependensi perdagangan dan investasi, transformasi ekonomi digital, serta keterhubungan rantai pasok regional telah menjadikan sengketa ekonomi tidak hanya sebagai persoalan hukum antarpara pihak, tetapi juga sebagai isu yang berimplikasi terhadap economic security kawasan. Meskipun ASEAN telah memiliki berbagai mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa, termasuk ASEAN Protocol on Enhanced Dispute Settlement Mechanism (EDSM), ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA), dan mekanisme konsultasi sektoral, implementasinya masih menghadapi keterbatasan berupa fragmentasi kelembagaan dan orientasi penyelesaian yang cenderung formal serta reaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterbatasan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi ASEAN dan merekonstruksi fungsi Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) sebagai instrumen preventive dispute management dalam kerangka cooperative security. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan perjanjian, konseptual, serta komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa ASEAN perlu diarahkan dari orientasi dispute settlement menuju pendekatan preventif yang mengintegrasikan konsultasi dini, negosiasi, mediasi, konsiliasi, pembangunan kepercayaan (confidence building), dan Online Dispute Resolution (ODR). Penelitian ini menawarkan ASEAN Economic Security-Oriented ADR Framework sebagai model konseptual yang menempatkan ADR tidak hanya sebagai mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa, tetapi sebagai instrumen tata kelola economic security untuk mencegah eskalasi konflik, memperkuat stabilitas perdagangan dan investasi, meningkatkan ketahanan rantai pasok, serta mendukung keberlanjutan integrasi ekonomi ASEAN.
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