Paradoks Keadilan Algoritmik dalam Implementasi E-Notary pada Sistem Hukum Indonesia

Sayid Muhammad Rifki Noval; Ahmad Jamaludin; Ratna Sari Putri Adiwijaya

doi:10.55681/seikat.v5i4.2900

Authors

Sayid Muhammad Rifki Noval Universitas Pasundan
Ahmad Jamaludin Universitas Islam Nusantara
Ratna Sari Putri Adiwijaya Universitas Pasundan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55681/seikat.v5i4.2900

Keywords:

Kecerdasan Buatan, E-Notary, Keadilan Algoritmik

Abstract

Integrasi masif Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) ke dalam arsitektur E-Notary Indonesia menjanjikan efisiensi administratif yang eksponensial sekaligus memicu ancaman eksistensial terhadap sistem hukum perdata melalui Paradoks Keadilan Algoritma. Jauh dari entitas yang bebas nilai, arsitektur kotak hitam AI secara inheren rentan untuk secara diam-diam mereplikasi dan memperkuat bias historis. Ketidakjelasan algoritma ini secara sistematis menurunkan prinsip dasar ketidakberpihakan notaris dan mengancam untuk menghilangkan status akta otentik sebagai bukti sempurna (volledig bewijskracht). Krisis struktural ini semakin diperparah oleh kekosongan akut norma hukum dan disonansi tajam antara UU Notaris (UUJN), yang menjunjung doktrin kehadiran fisik, dan UU Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE), yang secara eksplisit mengecualikan akta notaris dari kategori dokumen elektronik yang sah. Dengan menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, studi ini secara kritis menganalisis bahaya ketidakjelasan sistem otonom tersebut. Berlandaskan pada Teori Hukum Progresif, terdapat kebutuhan mendesak akan rekonstruksi regulasi yang mutlak untuk menyinergikan inovasi digital dengan keadilan substantif. Tata kelola ini diusulkan melalui tiga pilar: melembagakan Kecerdasan Buatan yang Dapat Dijelaskan (Explainable AI/XAI) untuk memastikan transparansi pengambilan keputusan, mewajibkan pengawasan Manusia dalam Lingkaran (Human-in-the-Loop/HITL) sebagai otoritas diskresioner akhir, dan memanfaatkan keamanan kriptografi berbasis blockchain untuk menjamin kekebalan data.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anggara, R. (2021). Studi Komparatif Terhadap Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris Secara Elektronik Di Korea Selatan Dan Di Indonesia. Indonesian Notary, 3(13), 308–335.

Basundra Soni. (2025). Algorithmic Justice and Social Inequality: The Sociological Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Law and Access to Justice. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5913526

Berebon, C. (2025). Algorithmic Justice Meets Communitarian Legal Pluralism (CLP): Designing Culturally-Grounded AI Dispute Resolution for Marginalized Communities. Journal of Art, Humanity and Social Studies, 5(1), 87–98.

Citra Permatasari, A., & Aju Wisnuwardhani, D. (2025). The Urgency Of Regulating Digital Notary Protocol Supervision Syst Em By The Regional Supervisory Council In The Cybernotary Era. International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism IJIERM, 7(3), 1098–1120.

Efendi, W. A., & Sesung, R. (2025). Transformation of the Notary’s Role in Electronic Deed Regulations Based on Digital Technology. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i5

Fitrianingrum, D. A., Anshari, T., Negara, S., & Wisnuwardhani, D. A. (2025). The Urgency of Electronically Storing Notary Protocol Archives Documents in the Concept of Progressive Law in Indonesia. International Journal on Language, Research Law Education Series, 9, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.47006/ijlres.v%vi%i.25524

Gonzalez-Argote, J., Maldonado, E., & Maldonado, K. (2025). Algorithmic Bias and Data Justice: ethical challenges in Artificial Intelligence Systems. EthAIca, 4, 159. https://doi.org/10.56294/ai2025159

Hasan, R. E. (2025). Tanggung Jawab Pemegang Protokol Notaris Dalam Mengeluarkan Salinan Minuta Akta Yang Terdegradasi. Officium Notarium, 4(2), 269–292. https://doi.org/10.20885/jon.vol4.iss2.art6

Hellman, D. (2020). Measuring Algorithmic Fairness. Virginia Law Review, 106(4), 811–866.

Herlambang, P. B., Putra, R. P., Meida, D., & Nafia, A. (2025). Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris secara Elektronik menurut Hukum Progresif. Ranah Research: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.38035/rrj.v7i4

Humam Alkatiri, N., Fajri Mekka Putra, M., Ongko, K., & Naurah Humam Alkatiri, -. (2023). A Legal Perspective: Implementing an Electronic Notarization System in Indonesia in the Post-Pandemic Era. Jambura Law Review, 5(2), 332–355.

I Dewa Made Anom Jagadhita, & I Nyoman Bagiastra. (2025). Urgensi Regulasi Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris Pasca 25 Tahun dalam Rangka Reformasi Hukum Kenotariatan di Indonesia. Acta Comitas, 10(02), 332–347. https://doi.org/10.24843/ac.2025.v10.i02.p8

Isna Vonna, P., Rinaldi, Y., Teuku, ;, & Mansur, M. (2021). The Use of the Notary Protocol That Is Stored Digitally as Evidence in the Court. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(3), 484–495. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i3.2507

Jamilah. (2023). Cyber Notaris dalam Penyimpanan Minuta Akta: Studi Legalitas dalam Bukti Kekuatan di Persidangan. DIES: Journal Of Dalwa Islamic Economic Studies, 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.38073/dies.v2i1.985

Javana, M., Surya, K., Maghfiroh, N., Pramesti, N., & Firnanda, A. (2024). Urgensi Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris Secara Elektronik dalam Kaitan Cyber Notary di Indonesia. Unes Law Review, 6(3), 8334–8346. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i3

Kinchin, N. (2024). “Voiceless”: the procedural gap in algorithmic justice. International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 32, eaae024. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaae024

Koos, S. (2023). The Digitization of Notarial Tasks-A Comparative Overview and Outlook of ‘Cyber Notary’ In Indonesia and Germany. Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.54828/ijsls.2023v2n2.1

Lubis, I., Murwadji, T., Sunarmi, S., Sukarja, D., Azwar, T. K. D., & Sitepu, F. (2022). Development of the Concept of Cyber Notary in Common Law and Civil Law Systems. Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1996.01.04.32

Lubis, I., Siregar, T., Indah Sari Lubis, D., & Hakim Lubis, A. (2024). Exploring the Potential of the Cyber Notary Concept in the Framework of International Transaction Settlement. Acta Law Journal, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32734/alj.v3i1.18891

Lumbun, R. S. (2026). Digitalisasi Notaris dalam Pengembangan Hukum Keperdataan di Indonesia. Iuris Studia: Jurnal Kajian Hukum, 7(1), 132–141. https://doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v10n2.635

Made, I., Bendesadana, A., Lantika, P., & Permadhi, O. (2025). Kedudukan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris Terhadap Protokol Notaris Berbasis Teknologi Digital. JUMAHA, 5(2), 212–223. https://doi.org/10.36733/jhm.v5i2

Mallolongan, L. N., Noor, H. J., & Kenotariatan, M. (2023). Peluang Penerapan Penyimpanan Minuta Akta secara Elektronik menuju Era E-Notary berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris. Notary Law Journal (NoLaJ), 2(1), 54–81.

Marjanovic, O., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Vidgen, R. (2022). Theorising Algorithmic Justice. European Journal of Information Systems, 31(3), 269–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2021.1934130

Markus Gunawan, & Erniyanti Erniyanti. (2025). Implementation of Electronic Signatures and E-Notarization within the Indonesian Notarial Legal Framework. International Journal of Sociology and Law, 2(2), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.62951/ijsl.v2i2.579

Menawati, E., & Muadah, S. (2024). Urgensi Penyimpngan Protokol Notaris Secara Elektronik Menuju Era Cyber Notaris. Future Academia : The Journal of Multidisciplinary Research on Scientific and Advanced, 2(4), 652–660. https://doi.org/10.61579/future.v2i4.232

Mendieta, D. (2025). Pertanggungjawaban dan Protokol Notaris atas Akta Notariil yang Batal Demi Hukum. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora Dan Politik (JIHHP), 5(4), 3452–3459. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v5i4

Moertiono, R. J., Syukran, M., & Lubis, Y. (2025). Urgensi Digitalisasi Protokol Notaris dalam Mendukung Reformasi Birokrasi Hukum di Indonesia. Jurnal Seminar Nasional Hukum, Sosial Dan Ekonomi, 4(1), 343–352.

Muhammad Abyan, & Shallman Shallman. (2025). Implementation of Blockchain Technology in Storing Minutes of Deeds as a Notary Protocol for Security and Realizing Legal Certainty. Jurnal Konstatering, 4(2).

Mukhtar, E. A., & Adiwinarto, S. (2024). Penggunaan Protokol Notaris Secara Elektronik Di Era Digital. Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Multidisipliner, 8(7), 2118–7302.

Mustopa Mustopa, & kms herman. (2025). Digital Transformation of Notary Deed Minutes Towards Electronic Format with the Utilization of Blockchain Technology for Efficiency and Security of Data Storage. Devotion: Journal of Community Research, 6(6), 506–519. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59188/devotion.v6i6.25474

Noval, S. M. R. (2024). Sociological Impact of Cyber Laws on Media: Virtue Community and Controversies. HighTech and Innovation Journal, 5(1), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-01-04

Noval, S. M. R., & Jamaludin, A. (2020). Menimbang Kembali Kehadiran Hak Untuk Dilupakan: Penerapan dan Potensi Ancaman. Legislasi, 17(3), 366–379. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v17i3

Renaldy, R. (2026). Perlindungan Data Pribadi dalam Protokol Notaris Elektronik. Al-Zayn:Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Hukum, 4(1), 2026. https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v4i1.2957

Rosa, M. (2024). Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris Dengan Konsep Elektronik Dengan Cyber Notary. Recital Review, 6(2), 220–235.

Shepherd, N. J. (2025). Algorithmic Justice: The Legal Implications of AI in Criminal Sentencing and Risk Assessment. Journal of Artificial Intelligence General Science, 8(1), 258–263.

Simanjuntak, Y. N., & Santosa, T. W. (2025, May 21). Cyber Notary And Artificial Intelligence: Indonesian Notary Challenges In The Future. Proceedings of the First International Cyber Law Conference. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-11-2023.2351349

Siswanto, C. A., Adiyatma, S. E., Nnawulezi, U., & Kabano, J. (2026). Legal Recognition Of Electronic Notarial Acts: A Comparative Study Of Indonesia And Rwanda. Indonesia Private Law Review, 6(2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.25041/iplr.v6i2.4686

Suhendra Arbani, T., Kunci, K., Algoritmik, K., & Buatan, K. (2025). Algorithmic Justice: A Study on Risks and Opportunities in the Use of Artificial Intelligence by Judges in Courts. Siyasah: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara, 05(1), 27–49. https://doi.org/10.32332/siyasah.v4i1

Suprapto, L. (2024). Electronic Notarial Deed Register Book (Repertorium) In The Digital Era. Jurnal Hukum Sehasen, 10(2), 551–566.

Suryahartati, D., Windarto, & Lestari. (2025). Legal Tradition and Digital Innovation: Assessing the Position of e-Notary Products in Civil Disputes. Jurnal Litigasi, 26(1), 409–447. https://doi.org/10.23969/litigasi.v26i1.19193

Ugwudike, P. (2022). Predictive Algorithms in Justice Systems and the Limits of Tech-Reformism. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 11(1), 85–99. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2189

Wiguna, B. A., Mayana, R. F., & ikhwansyah, I. (2024). Harmonisasi Peraturan Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris Digital. ACTA DIURNAL Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan, 7(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.23920/acta.v7i2.1840

Wiradharma Sampurna Putra. (2024). Penerapan Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris dengan Metode Cloud Computing System. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 8(1), 113–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31933/ujsj.v8i1.482

Wisnubroto, A., & Suyud Nusanto, T. (n.d.). Algorithmic Justice and AI Judges: Reconsidering The Due Process of Law in The Digital Era. International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences. Retrieved https://ijersc.org

Yankov, G. P., Wexler, B., Haidar, S., Kumar, S., Zheng, J., & Li, A. (2020). Algorithmic Justice.

Yogiatama, L. R. (2024). Tinjauan Yuridis Konsep Cyber Notary Dalam Penyimpanan Protokol Notaris Ditinjau Dari Uu No. 2 Tahun 2014 atas Perubahan UU No. 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN). Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, Dan Humaniora, 2(8).

Završnik, A. (2021). Algorithmic justice: Algorithms and big data in criminal justice settings. European Journal of Criminology, 18(5), 623–642. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819876762