Kegagalan Minusma Dan Krisis Perlindungan Sipil Di Mali Tahun 2013-2023 Dalam Perspektif Human Security
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55681/seikat.v5i3.2592Keywords:
Minusma, Human Security, Peacekeeping, Perlindungan Warga Sipil, Konflik MaliAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kegagalan United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) dalam menjalankan mandat perlindungan warga sipil (Protection of Civilians/PoC) serta implikasinya terhadap krisis keamanan manusia di Mali selama periode 2013–2023. Topik ini penting dikaji karena MINUSMA merupakan salah satu misi penjaga perdamaian terbesar Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa yang dibentuk untuk merespons krisis keamanan dan kemanusiaan di Mali, namun situasi keamanan masyarakat sipil tetap memburuk hingga berakhirnya mandat misi pada tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis melalui studi kepustakaan (library research). Data diperoleh dari laporan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, jurnal ilmiah, dokumen resmi, serta literatur yang relevan mengenai konflik Mali, Peacekeeping, dan Human Security. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MINUSMA belum mampu mewujudkan perlindungan sipil secara efektif akibat keterbatasan operasional, luasnya wilayah konflik, meningkatnya aktivitas kelompok ekstremis, lemahnya kapasitas negara Mali, serta memburuknya hubungan antara pemerintah Mali dan PBB. Dalam perspektif Human Security, kegagalan tersebut tercermin pada masih tingginya ancaman terhadap dimensi Personal Security, Political Security, dan Community Security. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendekatan Peacekeeping yang berfokus pada stabilisasi keamanan tidak cukup untuk mengatasi konflik multidimensional tanpa disertai pembangunan institusi, rekonsiliasi politik, dan perlindungan manusia yang berkelanjutan.
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