Development of a Sugar-Free Functional Drink to Enhance Concentration in Healthy Young Adults: A Literature-Based Formulation and Trial Proposal

Lestari Octavia; Sumbadra; Moch Ilham Faris Baladraf

doi:10.55681/armada.v4i5.2153

Authors

Lestari Octavia Universitas Gunadarma, Depok, Indonesia
Sumbadra Global Platonesia, Indonesia
Moch Ilham Faris Baladraf Global Platonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55681/armada.v4i5.2153

Keywords:

Minuman Energi Bebas Gula, Konsentrasi, Performa Kognitif, Minuman Fungsional

Abstract

Minuman energi dan minuman fungsional banyak dikonsumsi untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi, kewaspadaan, dan performa kognitif, terutama pada remaja dan dewasa muda. Namun, formulasi konvensional umumnya mengandung gula tambahan dalam jumlah tinggi yang berpotensi meningkatkan risiko metabolik dan kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau bukti ilmiah mengenai efek kognitif minuman fungsional bergula dan bebas gula. Metode yang digunakan adalah narrative literature review dengan sumber artikel yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2000–2026 dari PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan database ilmiah lainnya. Studi yang dianalisis diklasifikasikan ke dalam empat kategori formulasi, yaitu gula + kafein, gula + non-kafein, non-gula + kafein, dan non-gula + non-kafein. Sebanyak 86 artikel teridentifikasi, dan 9 studi representatif dimasukkan dalam sintesis akhir. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kafein merupakan komponen utama yang secara konsisten berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan fungsi kognitif akut, khususnya konsentrasi, perhatian, dan waktu reaksi. Sebaliknya, gula menunjukkan efek kognitif yang tidak konsisten dan lebih berkaitan dengan peningkatan beban metabolik. Minuman berkafein bebas gula memberikan manfaat kognitif yang sebanding dengan minuman energi konvensional, tetapi dengan profil metabolik yang lebih baik. Secara keseluruhan, minuman berbasis kafein bebas gula berpotensi menjadi formulasi yang lebih aman dan efektif untuk peningkatan fungsi kognitif.

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