Edukasi Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Malaysia

Dwi Afni Maileni; Rio Winata; Rudi Panggabean; Syahrul Asmi; Darman Darman

doi:10.55681/swarna.v5i8.3607

Authors

Dwi Afni Maileni Universitas Riau Kepulauan
Rio Winata Universitas Riau Kepulauan
Rudi Panggabean Universitas Riau Kepulauan
Syahrul Asmi Universitas Riau Kepulauan
Darman Universitas Riau Kepulauan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55681/swarna.v5i8.3607

Keywords:

Pekerja Migran Indonesia, Edukasi Hukum, Perlindungan Hukum, Bantuan Hukum, Akses Pengaduan

Abstract

Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) di Malaysia menghadapi berbagai risiko hukum yang berkaitan dengan prosedur penempatan, hubungan kerja, penguasaan dokumen, pelanggaran kontrak dan keterbatasan akses terhadap mekanisme pengaduan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan praktis PMI dalam mengenali serta merespons persoalan hukum. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada 16–19 Juli 2026 di Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia di Malaysia dengan melibatkan enam orang peserta. Metode yang digunakan adalah edukasi hukum partisipatif berbasis kelompok kecil dan studi kasus melalui identifikasi kebutuhan, penyampaian materi, diskusi interaktif, latihan membaca kontrak, penyusunan kronologi, identifikasi bukti, simulasi pengaduan serta evaluasi. Perubahan pengetahuan diukur menggunakan pre-test dan post-test, sedangkan kemampuan praktis dinilai melalui observasi simulasi dan respons peserta diukur menggunakan kuesioner skala empat. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan nilai rata-rata pengetahuan dari 55 pada pre-test menjadi 85 pada post-test, dengan kenaikan sebesar 30 poin. Peningkatan terbesar terdapat pada indikator akses pengaduan dan bantuan hukum. Kemampuan praktis peserta memperoleh nilai rata-rata 3,33 dari skala 4, sedangkan respons terhadap kegiatan mencapai 3,72. Peserta menunjukkan kemampuan yang baik dalam mengidentifikasi pelanggaran, menentukan bukti dan memilih jalur pengaduan, meskipun penyusunan kronologi masih memerlukan penguatan. Kegiatan ini menegaskan edukasi hukum berbasis kasus dapat memperkuat kapasitas awal PMI, tetapi efektivitas perlindungan tetap memerlukan dukungan layanan konsuler, bantuan hukum dan koordinasi antar lembaga secara berkelanjutan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abood, J., Woodward, K., Polonsky, M., Green, J., Tadjoeddin, Z., & Renzaho, A. (2021). Understanding immigrant settlement services literacy in the context of settlement service utilisation, settlement outcomes and wellbeing among new migrants: A mixed methods systematic review. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 2, 100057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2021.100057

Goodwin, L., & Maru, V. (2017). What Do We Know about Legal Empowerment? Mapping the Evidence. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 9(1), 157–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-016-0047-5

Indonesia, K. P. P. M. (2025). Data penempatan dan pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia periode tahun 2024.

Indonesia, R. (2017). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia.

Indonesia, R. (2021). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 59 Tahun 2021 tentang Pelaksanaan Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia.

Jull, J., Giles, A., & Graham, I. D. (2017). Community-based participatory research and integrated knowledge translation: Advancing the co-creation of knowledge. Implementation Science, 12(1), 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0696-3

Lin, S.-C., Chen, I.-J., Yu, W.-R., Lee, S.-Y. D., & Tsai, T.-I. (2019). Effect of a community-based participatory health literacy program on health behaviors and health empowerment among community-dwelling older adults: A quasi-experimental study. Geriatric Nursing, 40(5), 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2019.03.013

Malaysia, G. of the R. of I. & G. of. (2022). Memorandum of understanding between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of Malaysia on the employment and protection of Indonesian domestic migrant workers in Malaysia.

Noor, N. M., & Shaker, M. N. (2017). Perceived workplace discrimination, coping and psychological distress among unskilled Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 57, 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.01.004

Prianto, A. L., Amri, A. R., & Ajis, M. N. (2023). Governance and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Malaysia. Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights, 7(2), 214. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i2.44185

Rubio, M. A., Guevara-Aladino, P., Urbano, M., Cabas, S., Mejia-Arbelaez, C., Rodriguez Espinosa, P., Rosas, L. G., King, A. C., Chazdon, S., & Sarmiento, O. L. (2022). Innovative participatory evaluation methodologies to assess and sustain multilevel impacts of two community-based physical activity programs for women in Colombia. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 771. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13180-2

Spaan, E., & van Naerssen, T. (2018). Migration decision-making and migration industry in the Indonesia–Malaysia corridor. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(4), 680–695. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1315523

Susanto, T., Rahmawati, I., & Wantiyah. (2016). A community-based friendly health clinic: An initiative adolescent reproductive health project in the rural and urban areas of Indonesia. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 3(4), 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2016.11.006

Suyanto, B., Sugihartati, R., Sutinah, & Hidayat, M. (2020). Bargaining the Future: A Descriptive Study of the Lives of the Indonesian Illegal Migrant Workers. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 21(1), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-019-00710-y

Tjitrawati, A. T., & Romadhona, M. K. (2024). Living beyond borders: The international legal framework to protecting rights to health of Indonesian illegal migrant workers in Malaysia. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 20(2), 227–245. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMHSC-04-2023-0038

Utami, T. K. (2024). Regulation of legal sanctions against perpetrators of non-procedural placement of Indonesian migrant workers: A human trafficking perspective. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2421347

Vignoli, M., Nielsen, K., Guglielmi, D., Mariani, M. G., Patras, L., & Peirò, J. M. (2021). Design of a safety training package for migrant workers in the construction industry. Safety Science, 136, 105124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105124

Widyawati, A. (2018). Legal Protection Model for Indonesian Migrant Workers. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 3(2), 291–304. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v3i02.27557