Reformulating Public Participation Mechanisms In Legislative Processes: Towards A Deliberative And Responsive Model Of Democratic Lawmaking
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55681/seikat.v5i5.4557Keywords:
Public Participation, Deliberative Democracy, Responsive Law, Democratic LawmakingAbstract
Partisipasi publik telah menjadi elemen fundamental dalam pembentukan hukum yang demokratis; namun, banyak sistem legislatif masih menghadapi tantangan dalam mengubah partisipasi dari sekadar konsultasi prosedural menjadi keterlibatan demokratis yang bermakna. Studi ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan kembali mekanisme partisipasi publik dalam proses legislasi dengan mengembangkan model pembentukan hukum yang demokratis, deliberatif, dan responsif. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian sosio-legal kualitatif, studi ini menganalisis kerangka legislatif, perkembangan konstitusional, literatur akademis, serta perdebatan kontemporer mengenai partisipasi publik melalui pendekatan konseptual, perundang-undangan, dan komparatif. Temuan studi ini menunjukkan tiga masalah utama: pertama, mekanisme partisipasi yang ada saat ini telah mendapatkan pengakuan hukum secara formal, namun sifatnya masih sangat prosedural; kedua, mekanisme tersebut kurang memiliki kualitas deliberatif, responsivitas kelembagaan, dan akuntabilitas dalam menghubungkan masukan publik dengan hasil legislasi; dan ketiga, pembentukan hukum yang demokratis dan efektif memerlukan kerangka kerja terintegrasi yang menggabungkan deliberasi, responsivitas, akuntabilitas, dan inklusi. Studi ini mengusulkan "Model Partisipasi Publik yang Deliberatif-Responsif", yang mengonseptualisasikan keterlibatan publik sebagai proses kelembagaan yang mencakup dialog bermakna, pertimbangan terhadap masukan publik, mekanisme umpan balik yang transparan, serta keterlibatan yang inklusif. Secara teoretis, penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan mengintegrasikan perspektif demokrasi deliberatif, hukum responsif, dan partisipasi bermakna ke dalam kerangka kerja komprehensif untuk reformasi legislatif. Secara praktis, model yang diusulkan ini menyediakan landasan bagi penguatan tata kelola partisipatif dan peningkatan legitimasi demokratis dalam proses legislasi.
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