Multi Actor Collaboration Model Based on Creative Economy for Sustainable Marine Tourism in Bone Bolango Regency

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze inter-actor collaboration patterns, identify the role of the creative economy in strengthening sustainable marine tourism, and formulate a draft multi-actor collaboration model based on the creative economy in Bone Bolango Regency. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. Survey data were collected from 60 respondents representing government institutions, community groups/Tourism Awareness Groups, tourism businesses, and creative economy actors across four marine tourism destinations, while in-depth interviews with 16 informants were analyzed thematically. Inter-actor collaboration (M=2.936) and the role of the creative economy (M=2.756) were both moderate. Inter-actor trust was the weakest collaboration dimension, while innovation and local business models and the connectivity of creative economy actors with other stakeholders were the weakest creative economy aspects. Collaboration was positively and significantly associated with the role of the creative economy (Pearson r=0.835; R²=0.698). Integrating both data strands produced a five-element model draft: regular coordination forums, early involvement of creative economy actors in planning, a shared digital information platform, linkage with government support programs, and accommodation of customary deliberation and community mutual cooperation. The model remained a draft and required further validation through participatory processes.