Implementing the Repeated Reading Method to Improve Reading Fluency among Fourth-Grade Students in an Inclusive Elementary School
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55681/ijssh.v4i2.3530Keywords:
Repeated Reading, Fluent Reading, Wcpm, Prosody, Inclusive Education, PTKAbstract
This study aimed to describe the implementation of the Repeated Reading method in an inclusive Year 4 classroom, examine improvements in reading fluency, and identify changes in the motivation and self-confidence of a student with special educational needs. Classroom Action Research was conducted in two cycles, each comprising three 70-minute sessions. Participants were 26 students, including one student with special educational needs. Quantitative data were collected using curriculum-based oral reading fluency measures to assess words correct per minute (WCPM) and accuracy, alongside a multidimensional scale for prosody. Qualitative data were obtained through classroom observations and reflective records. Implementation fidelity increased from 85.7% in Cycle I to 92.9% in Cycle II. Mean WCPM rose from 79.42 to 99.42, while classical mastery increased from 26.9% to 76.9%. Mean prosody scores improved from 59.94% to 85.26%, with mastery reaching 88.5%, and mean reading accuracy increased from 73.12% to 77.43%. The student with special educational needs also demonstrated greater enthusiasm, confidence, and reading motivation. These findings indicate that Repeated Reading effectively improves reading fluency and supports positive affective development in an authentic inclusive classroom.
References
Anggreani, K., Tafsira, N. A., Febriyani, T., & Syafitri, E. (2024). Implementasi pendidikan inklusi di sekolah dasar: Tantangan dan strategi efektif. Katalis Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Matematika, 1(2), 199–204. https://doi.org/10.62383/katalis.v1i2.355
Arikunto, S., Suhardjono, & Supardi. (2021). Penelitian tindakan kelas: Edisi revisi. Bumi Aksara.
Biantoro, O. F., & Rahmatullah, A. (2024). Pendidikan inklusif di Indonesia: Peluang dan tantangan. Afkaruna: International Journal of Islamic Studies (AIJIS), 2(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.38073/aijis.v2i1.1697
Calvin, K., Lee, L. E., Austin, C., Gouge, S., & Watson, A. (2026). The effects of repeated reading interventions on the oral reading fluency of middle school students with reading difficulties and disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194251404534
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Delafontaine, J., Fluyt, L., Aesaert, K., & Nijs, S. (2024). Effectively teaching reading comprehension to students with special educational needs in inclusive, intermediate and special classroom settings: A scoping review. Remedial and Special Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325241268582
Downs, E., Tortorelli, L., & Austin, C. R. (2025). Promoting fluency through challenge: Repeated reading with texts of varying complexity. The Reading Teacher. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.70024
Ehlert, M., Beck, J., Förster, N., & Souvignier, E. (2025). Continuous texts or word lists? Exploring the effects and the process of repeated reading depending on the reading material and students' reading abilities. Reading and Writing, 38, 745–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-024-10536-5
Ehri, L. C. (2014). Orthographic mapping in the acquisition of sight word reading, spelling memory, and vocabulary learning. Scientific Studies of Reading, 18(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2013.819356
Guthrie, J. T., & Wigfield, A. (2000). Engagement and motivation in reading. Dalam M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. 3, hlm. 403–422). Erlbaum.
Hasbrouck, J., & Tindal, G. A. (2017). An update to compiled ORF norms (Technical Report No. 1702). Behavioral Research and Teaching, University of Oregon.
Hermanto, H., & Kawuryan, S. P. (2021). Kesiapan guru sekolah dasar dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan inklusif. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 9(1), 102–111.
Hudson, R. F., Lane, H. B., & Pullen, P. C. (2020). Reading fluency assessment and instruction: What, why, and how? The Reading Teacher, 73(4), 412–426. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1850
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan. (2023). Kini sudah 44 ribu sekolah inklusi di tahun 2023. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3758190/kemenko-pmk-kini-sudah-44-ribu-sekolah-inklusi-di-tahun-2023
Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. (2022). Panduan pembelajaran dan asesmen kurikulum merdeka. Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan.
Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. (2023). Laporan capaian literasi nasional 2023. Pusat Asesmen dan Pembelajaran.
Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. (2024). Data satuan pendidikan penyelenggara pendidikan inklusif Desember 2023. Direktorat Pendidikan Masyarakat dan Pendidikan Khusus. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4038030/kemendikbudristek-40164-sekolah-miliki-siswa-berkebutuhan-khusus
Kemmis, S., & McTaggart, R. (1988). The action research planner (3rd ed.). Deakin University Press.
Kuhn, M. R., & Stahl, S. A. (2003). Fluency: A review of developmental and remedial practices. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.3
LaBerge, D., & Samuels, S. J. (1974). Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading. Cognitive Psychology, 6(2), 293–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(74)90015-2
Lestari, S., & Hartati, Y. (2023). Universal Design for Learning (UDL) sebagai pendekatan inklusif dalam kurikulum sekolah dasar. Jurnal Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran, 11(1), 112–121.
Lestari, Y., Susetyo, Y. F., Murtiningtyas, A., & Saptandari, E. W. (2025). Repeated reading technique to improve reading fluency in children with intellectual disabilities. Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology (GamaJPP). https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.99574
Li, H., Avendaño, S. M., & Bak, M. Y. S. (2025). Analyzing the effects of a repeated reading intervention on reading fluency with generalized linear mixed models. Remedial and Special Education, 48(1), 112–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787241257450
Mauliddiyah, I., & Permata, S. D. (2025). Strategi pembelajaran untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Jurnal Pendidikan Inklusi Citra Bakti, 3(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.38048/jpicb.v3i1.4841
Meyer, A., Rose, D. H., & Gordon, D. (2014). Universal design for learning: Theory and practice. CAST Professional Publishing.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Mulyatiningsih, E. (2022). Metode penelitian terapan bidang pendidikan. Alfabeta.
National Reading Panel. (2000). Report of the national reading panel: Teaching children to read (NIH Publication No. 00-4754). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). PISA 2022 results (Volume I and II): Country notes – Indonesia. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2022-results-volume-i-and-ii-country-notes_ed6fbcc5-en/indonesia_c2e1ae0e-en.html
Pakpahan, R. P., Larasati, E. P., & Nasution, M. (2025). Penerapan metode membaca berulang (repeated reading) untuk meningkatkan kelancaran membaca siswa kelas III di SDN 1 Langsa. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Universitas Samudra, 4(1), 1–12.
Pamungkas, B. (2017). Urgensi pendidikan karakter untuk mengoptimalkan layanan pendidikan bagi siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah inklusi. Dalam Etika pendidikan: Pendidikan karakter, budi pekerti, dan moral.
Purwanti, A., Pratiwi, C. P., & Sartini, S. (2023). Peningkatan kemampuan membaca lancar melalui model PBL berbantu media APE pada siswa kelas 1. Journal of Education Research, 4(3), 1222–1230. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v4i3.280
Rasinski, T. V. (2004). Assessing reading fluency. Pacific Resources for Education and Learning.
Rasinski, T. V., Galeza, A., Vogel, L., Viton, B., Rundo, H., Royan, E., Nemer Shaheen, R., Bartholomew, M., Kaewkaemket, C., Stokes, F., Young, C., & Paige, D. (2022). Oral reading fluency of college graduates: Toward a deeper understanding of college ready fluency. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 66, 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaal.1248
Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 70 Tahun 2009 tentang Pendidikan Inklusif bagi Peserta Didik yang Memiliki Kelainan dan Memiliki Potensi Kecerdasan dan/atau Bakat Istimewa.
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 Tahun 2020 tentang Akomodasi yang Layak bagi Peserta Didik Penyandang Disabilitas.
Romig, J. E., & Jetton, A. (2024). Effects of a repeated reading intervention delivered online to upper elementary students. Journal of Learning Disabilities. https://doi.org/10.1177/01626434231184879
Rupley, W. H., Nichols, W. D., Rasinski, T. V., & Paige, D. (2020). Fluency: Deep roots in reading instruction. Education Sciences, 10(6), 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10060155
Samuels, S. J. (1979). The method of repeated readings. The Reading Teacher, 32(4), 403–408.
Şahin, A., & Özçelik, F. C. (2025). Improving the reading skills of students with mild intellectual disabilities through repeated and paired reading techniques. Participatory Educational Research, 12(1), 287–303. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.25.15.12.1
Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D (3rd ed.). Alfabeta.
Therrien, W. J. (2004). Fluency and comprehension gains as a result of repeated reading: A meta-analysis. Remedial and Special Education, 25(4), 252–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325040250040801
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (1994). The Salamanca statement and framework for action on special needs education. UNESCO.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2020). Inclusion in education: All means all. Global Education Monitoring Report. UNESCO Publishing.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Wulandari, R., & Tirtawati, D. (2022). Hubungan antara reading fluency dengan prestasi belajar pada anak kelas 1 SD di Kecamatan Nguntoronadi. Jurnal Terapi Wicara dan Bahasa, 1, 93–104.
Yunita, V., & Subagya, S. (2025). Hambatan implementasi pendidikan inklusif di Indonesia: Analisis berbasis survei 156 sekolah. Jurnal Basicedu. https://jbasic.org/index.php/basicedu/article/view/10712
Zourou, F., Martinet, C., Portmann, Z., Bilet-Mossige, M., Ulriksen, L. B., & Nordahl-Hansen, A. (2025). Effects of a repeated reading intervention on the reading fluency of adolescents with intellectual disability. Reading and Writing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-025-10744-7
Zutell, J., & Rasinski, T. V. (1991). Training teachers to attend to their students' oral reading fluency. Theory Into Practice, 30(3), 211–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405849109543502
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Husnul Nisa, Fery Muhamad Firdaus

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.




