Multi-Story Partnership Pattern In The Development Of The Tambora Geopark: A Collaborative Governance Perspective

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the partnership pattern among government, private sector, and community in the development of Tambora Geopark and its implications for local economic development. This research employed a qualitative approach using descriptive-analytical methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding stages.

The findings reveal that the partnership pattern in the development of Tambora Geopark tends to be hierarchical (subordinate partnership), with the government acting as the dominant actor in decision-making processes. The involvement of the private sector and local communities remains limited to program implementation and has not substantially reached planning and policy evaluation stages. Supporting factors include regulatory support and regional government commitment, while inhibiting factors include local social conflicts, limited infrastructure, low human resource capacity, and dependency on government intervention. The economic impacts of the geopark development have been reflected in the growth of MSMEs and tourism services; however, these impacts remain seasonal and have not generated sustainable multiplier effects