Transport Infrastructure, Spatial Spillovers, and Regional Economic Convergence: Evidence from the Balikpapan-Samarinda Toll Road, Indonesia

Revyfadlyrobby Rachmadi; Lilik Sugiharti

doi:10.55681/economina.v5i8.3789

Authors

Revyfadlyrobby Rachmadi Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
Lilik Sugiharti Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55681/economina.v5i8.3789

Keywords:

Transport Infrastructure; Spatial Durbin Model; Spatial Spillover; Regional Economic Convergence; Toll Road

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak operasional Jalan Tol Balikpapan-Samarinda terhadap spillover ekonomi dan konvergensi ekonomi regional di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian menggunakan data panel seimbang sepuluh kabupaten/kota selama periode 2010–2024. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) dengan efek tetap untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung infrastruktur jalan tol terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB). Ketergantungan spasial dianalisis menggunakan Global Moran's I dan Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), sedangkan konvergensi ekonomi dianalisis melalui sigma convergence dan conditional beta convergence. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya autokorelasi spasial positif yang signifikan pada tahun 2018 dan 2024, yang mengindikasikan bahwa aktivitas ekonomi antardaerah saling berinteraksi secara spasial. Estimasi SDM menunjukkan bahwa operasional Jalan Tol Balikpapan-Samarinda memberikan pengaruh langsung yang positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi serta menghasilkan spillover spasial yang signifikan ke wilayah sekitarnya. Selain itu, hasil analisis konvergensi menunjukkan bahwa operasional jalan tol berkontribusi terhadap percepatan konvergensi ekonomi regional setelah memperhitungkan modal fisik, modal manusia, tenaga kerja, dan struktur industri. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan infrastruktur transportasi tidak hanya meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi wilayah yang dilalui, tetapi juga memperkuat integrasi ekonomi regional dan mendukung proses pemerataan pembangunan di Kalimantan Timur.

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