Design Thinking dalam Inovasi Produk dan Layanan: Kajian Literatur Sistematis dari Perspektif Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan

Aryanto Tinambunan; Oslan Juliana

doi:10.55681/economina.v5i3.1920

Authors

Aryanto Tinambunan Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Simbolon Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55681/economina.v5i3.1920

Keywords:

Design Thinking, Inovasi Produk, Layanan, Kewirausahaan

Abstract

Perubahan kebutuhan pengguna, dinamika pasar, dan percepatan inovasi mendorong organisasi untuk mengembangkan produk dan layanan yang tidak hanya baru, tetapi juga relevan, bernilai, dan berkelanjutan. Dalam konteks tersebut, Design Thinking berkembang sebagai pendekatan inovasi berpusat pada manusia yang menekankan empati, perumusan ulang masalah, ideasi kreatif, prototyping, dan pengujian iteratif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif perkembangan konsep Design Thinking dalam literatur ilmiah serta menjelaskan kontribusinya terhadap inovasi produk dan layanan dari perspektif manajemen dan kewirausahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap artikel-artikel jurnal terindeks Scopus serta jurnal nasional terakreditasi SINTA 1 dan SINTA 2 yang relevan dengan tema Design Thinking, inovasi produk, inovasi layanan, dan human-centered innovation. Analisis dilakukan melalui proses seleksi literatur secara sistematis, ekstraksi data, dan sintesis tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola temuan, perbedaan konteks, serta kesenjangan penelitian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Design Thinking berkontribusi signifikan dalam meningkatkan kualitas inovasi melalui pemahaman mendalam terhadap kebutuhan pengguna, kolaborasi lintas disiplin, pembelajaran berbasis eksperimen, dan validasi solusi secara cepat. Temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas Design Thinking dipengaruhi oleh konteks organisasi, kedalaman adopsi metode, dan kemampuan mengintegrasikan nilai desirability, feasibility, dan viability. Secara konseptual, kajian ini menegaskan bahwa Design Thinking bukan sekadar metode kreatif, tetapi kerangka strategis yang memperkuat inovasi berpusat pada manusia dalam pengembangan produk, layanan, dan model bisnis. Implikasi artikel ini terletak pada pentingnya integrasi Design Thinking ke dalam praktik manajemen inovasi, pengembangan kewirausahaan, dan pembentukan kapabilitas organisasi yang adaptif. Kajian ini juga memberikan dasar bagi penelitian lanjutan mengenai institusionalisasi Design Thinking dan pengukuran dampaknya terhadap kinerja inovasi jangka panjang.

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